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<h1>
 Allowable Stress Design (ASD) Method and Strength Design (SD) Method
 Information
</h1>

<h2>Allowable Stress Design (ASD) Method</h2>

 In allowable stress design (ASD), the Designer must size the anchorage such
 that the service load does not exceed the allowable load for any anchor:


Tservice &le; Tallowable
Vservice &le; Vallowable 


 The Designer must read the allowable load from the applicable table and adjust
 the allowable load for all applicable design parameters for the anchor, such
 as spacing, edge distance, in-service temperature or allowable-stress increase
 for short-term loads. Load-adjustment factors for anchors are applied
 cumulatively. For adhesive anchors, the designer must also ensure that the
 service load does not exceed the allowable load of the steel insert.



 For anchors subjected to simultaneous tension and shear loading, the following
 equation must be satisfied, where the value of n is product-specific.
 Use a value of n=1 unless otherwise specified in the applicable products&rsquo; load
 table.


<img
 alt="C-A-2016-322-equation-02.png"
 src="https://embed.widencdn.net/img/ssttoolbox/1sz4ufc2lp/280px/C-A-2016-322-equation-02.png"
/>


 Linear interpolation of allowable loads between embedment depths and/or
 compressive strengths shown in the load tables is permitted. Linear
 interpolation of load-adjustment factors in the edge distance and spacing
 tables is also permitted.



 The allowable loads in this catalog are derived from full-scale testing,
 calculations, and/or experience. In general, the allowable load is determined
 by taking the average ultimate load from full scale tests and dividing by a
 safety factor (&Omega;).


<img
 alt="C-A-2016-322-equation-03.png"
 src="https://embed.widencdn.net/img/ssttoolbox/nhe6b9y1sq/300px/C-A-2016-322-equation-03.png"
/>


 For some anchors, the average ultimate load and/or allowable load is also
 controlled by anchor displacement limits.



 The allowable loads for steel inserts used with adhesive anchors is determined
 as follows:



 For threaded rod: Tallowable = 0.33Fu Ag ;
 Vallowable = 0.17Fu Ag


 For Grade 60 rebar: Tallowable = (24,000 psi)Ag ; Vallowable
 = 0.17(90,000 psi)Ag


Where:
Ag = Gross cross-sectional area of the insert

<table class="table-responsive-sm">
 <thead>
 <tr>
 <th>Threaded Insert Steel Type</th>
 <th>
 Fu 
 (psi)
 </th>
 </tr>
 </thead>
 <tr>
 <td>F1554, Grade 36</td>
 <td>58,000</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>A193, Grade B7</td>
 <td>125,000</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>
 304/316 Stainless 
 (Diam. &le; 5/8")
 </td>
 <td>100,000</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>
 304/316 Stainless 
 (Diam &ge; 3/4")
 </td>
 <td>85,000</td>
 </tr>
</table>

Where:
Fu = Ultimate tensile strength of steel insert

<h2>
 Strength Design (SD) Method (Under ACI 318 APPENDIX D, ICC-ES AC193, and
 ICC-ES AC308)
</h2>


 In strength design (SD), the Designer must size the anchorage such that the
 required strength (i.e. factored load) does not exceed the lowest design
 strength of the anchor or anchor group considering all possible failure modes.


Nua &le; &Phi;Nn
Vua &le; &Phi;Vn


 Calculations are performed in accordance with the applicable design standards:
 ICC-ES AC193 and ACI 318 Appendix D for mechanical anchors and ICC-ES AC308
 for adhesive anchors. The additional design provisions of AC308 are shown
 elsewhere in this catalog.



 The nominal strengths and design data in this catalog are derived from testing
 and calculations in accordance with ACI 355.2. ACI 355.4, ICC-ES AC193 and
 ICC-ES AC308. In general, nominal strengths are 5% fractile strengths
 calculated using the average ultimate load, and standard deviation of
 full-scale test results. A 5% fractile strength is the nominal strength for
 which there is a 90% confidence that there is a 95% probability of the actual
 strength exceeding the nominal strength.



 For anchors that are designed using ACI 318 Appendix D, AC193, or AC308, it is
 possible to convert design strengths (i.e. &Phi;Nn or
 &Phi;Vn) to allowable loads using the following approach from
 AC193:


<img
 alt="C-A-2016-322-equation-04.png"
 src="https://embed.widencdn.net/img/ssttoolbox/qksofekxmw/380px/C-A-2016-322-equation-04.png"
/>

Where:

Tallowable,ASD = Allowable tension load
Vallowable,ASD = Allowable shear load

 &Phi;Nn = Lowest design strength of an anchor or anchor group in
 tension as determined per ACI 318 Appendix D, AC193, AC308 and the IBC.


 &Phi;Vn = Lowest design strength of an anchor or anchor group in
 shear as determined per ACI 318 Appendix D, AC193, AC308 and the IBC.


 &alpha; = Conversion factor calculated as a weighted average of the load
 factors for the controlling load combination. In addition, &alpha; shall
 include all applicable factors to account for non-ductile failure modes and
 required over-strength.


Interaction shall be calculated as follows:


 For tension loads, T &le; 0.2Tallowable, the full allowable load in
 shear shall be permitted.


 For shear loads, V &le; 0.2Vallowable, the full allowable load in
 tension shall be permitted.


For all other cases:
<img
 alt="C-A-2016-322-equation-05.png"
 src="https://embed.widencdn.net/img/ssttoolbox/lq4lf8mvts/220px/C-A-2016-322-equation-05.png"
/>

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