For select curtain-wall connectors reference Curtain-Wall Connectors: Service Load Limits, LRFD Design Strengths, and Nominal Strengths or the information provided in the Connectors For Cold-Formed Steel Construction catalog. For other connectors, Designers can multiply allowable loads by the factors tabulated below to obtain design strength for use with LRFD. Can I use Simpson Strong-Tie® Titen® hex-head screws, PDPT pins, or PDPAT pins to anchor curtain-wall clips when resisting seismic loads? See below for further information.
Condition | Load Type(s) | Factor |
---|---|---|
Allowable Connector Loads | Dead, wind, and seismic | 1.6 |
Allowable Anchorage Loads | ||
#12 self-drilling screws | Dead, wind, and seismic | 1.6 |
Welded | Dead, wind, and seismic | 1.6 |
Simpson Strong-Tie® PDPT and PDPAT powder-actuated fasteners /td> | Dead and seismic | 1.4 |
Wind | 1.6 | |
Simpson Strong-Tie® Titen® hex-head screws | Dead and seismic | 1.4 |
Wind | 1.6 |
Design strengths obtained in this manner will be accurate for conditions where allowable loads are controlled by strength limits, and conservative if the allowable load is limited by serviceability (deflection) criteria. For serviceability checks, the tabulated allowable loads can conservatively be considered to correspond to a deflection of 1/8" in the direction of the applied load. If more detailed information regarding LRFD design strengths is required, please contact Simpson Strong-Tie.
No, combined loads are not considered as testing was performed separately for each load direction (F2 – tension, F3 – compression, and F4 – vertical). Currently, we recommend Designers use whatever interaction equation they have used in the past. In the absence of other guidance, a linear interaction equation is suggested.
For the FCB bypass framing fixed-clip connectors, the tabulated allowable connector loads and allowable anchorage loads for F4 (vertical) loads can be used for both conditions (see Figures A and B below). Testing to establish FCB allowable connector loads was conducted on test setups where most of the moment was resolved through a horizontal force couple as shown in Figure A. This condition results in both shear and moment on the fastener group attaching the connector to the stud and therefore is critical for the connector. Testing to determine FCB allowable anchorage loads, on the other hand, was conducted on test setups that required all of the moment be resisted in the anchorage of the fixed connector to the supporting structure (see Figure B). Since the allowable loads determined in this manner represent the extreme case for both the connector and anchorage, they are conservative for most practical design conditions and can be used without adjustment as long as the minimum of the tabulated allowable connector load and allowable anchorage load is used for design.
Eccentric Weight Resolved in Horizontal Force Couple
Eccentric Weight Resolved in Moment at Anchorage
Designers can determine this dimension in the same manner used for any other connection. A general rule of thumb is that the clip should not be within 1/2 of the stud depth from the top or bottom edge of the punch-out.
We recommend limiting the maximum design thickness of the stud to 118 mil (10 ga). This ensures that the #14 shouldered screw extends through the connection a minimum of three exposed threads as required by code.
Simpson Strong-Tie recommends the shouldered screws be installed as follows:
Currently, there are no acceptance criteria that can be used as the basis to issue a code report for concrete screws or shot pins installed in connectors. ICC-ES publishes criteria to establish allowable and design strengths for concrete screws (AC193) and shot pins (AC70), but these apply only to individual fasteners. Since the demand on the fasteners is complicated and difficult to accurately predict, testing of the complete system of the connector and anchors is required. Our PDPT and PDPAT powder-actuated fasteners have been qualified under AC70 and are listed in ICC-ES ESR 2138 for installation into ASTM A36 steel, ASTM A572 Grade 50 steel, and concrete.
Yes, but only under certain conditions. Our Titen hex-head screws are not listed in a product evaluation report, so Designers should check with the local building official regarding their use to resist seismic loads. PDPAT pins may be used to anchor curtain-wall clips resisting seismic loads based on Seismic Design Category (SDC) as follows: